THYROID diseases- a metabolic enigma?

WHAT IS THYROID?
thyroid is a butterfly shaped endocrine gland situated in front of trachea  on lower part of neck,which secrete thyroxines and calcitonin which play crucial role in the mental and physical well being   and homeostasis of the system.

WHAT  ARE THYROID DISORDERS?
Thyroid being an endocrine gland of complex structure and intricate hormone synthesis mechanisms ,is prone to auto immune attack,inherent enzyme deficiency for hormone synthesis ,iatrogenic trauma due to drugs .The consequences are dysfunction of the gland- hypo or hyper functioning gland produces a wide clinical spectrum .Apart from functional disorders thyroid can be the seat of malignancy -most commonly papillary carcinoma.- either primary or mestatic   tumours.

common thyroid disorders:
colloid goiter
hashimoto's thyroiditis
neonatal hypothyroidism
postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis
thyroid nodule
multinodular goiter
 grave's disease
toxic adenoma
thyroid tumors-papillary
                       - follicular
                         -medullary carcinoma thyroid

what is hypothyroidism and what is the risk?

hypo functioning thyroid  produces comparatively low amount of thyroxines and hence affects the body and mind  badly.The symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight gain,oedema,hair loss,weakness,amenorrhoea or scnty menstruation,myalgia,coarse thick skin,depressive mood,forgetfulness ,cold intolerance,diminished reflexes,hoarsenessbradycardia,peripheral neuropathy .myxoedema is extreme hypothyroidism  which can lead to myxoedema coma and myxoedema madness.
major causes of hypo thyroidism?
iodine defeciency
autoimmunity
iatrogenic  :antithyroid drugs - carbimazole,propylthiouracil 
                    psychiatric drugs like lithium compounds
                     amiodarone

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